Friday, May 31, 2013

U.N. concerned about North Korean defectors in China

GENEVA (Reuters) - A United Nations human rights investigator and the U.N. refugee agency voiced concern on Thursday about the fate of nine North Korean defectors, some of them children, who were sent back to China this week from Laos after trying to cross the border.

Chinese authorities are obliged under international law not to return them to North Korea, where they could face persecution and possibly death, Marzuki Darusman, U.N. special rapporteur on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), said.

"I have very real concerns about the penalties and treatment they could face if returned to DPRK and all the concerned authorities have an urgent responsibility to ensure their protection," Darusman said in a statement issued in Geneva.

He said no one should be forced to return to North Korea where, he said, "they may face persecution or severe punishment, including torture and the death penalty".

Antonio Guterres, U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, voiced grave concern over the safety of the deportees, whose asylum claims he said had not been assessed.

In a separate statement he said his agency was seeking information about their whereabouts. All states had a duty to refrain from measures that could lead to returning a person to a country where his or her life or freedom would be threatened.

The nine youths, all believed to be orphans, were sent back to China on May 27 after being arrested by Laotian police, Darusman said. Guterres said that they were arrested on May 10 in Laos and that five of the nine were children.

"I am extremely disappointed that the Laos Government appears to have abdicated its protection responsibilities in this way, and I urge the Chinese authorities not to do the same," he said.

North Korean authorities consider it a criminal offence to leave the country without official permission, according to Darusman's latest report.

Darusman, a former attorney-general of Indonesia, is part of a commission of inquiry launched in March to investigate violations and possible crimes against humanity in North Korea.

The three-member commission is expected to focus on allegations of torture and use by North Korea of labor camps believed to hold some 200,000 people, activists say. Pyongyang denies the existence of such camps and is not expected to cooperate.

The U.N. General Assembly has expressed serious concern about the situation of refugees returned to North Korea and the punishments they can face.

(Reporting by Stephanie Nebehay; Editing by Michael Roddy)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/u-n-concerned-over-fate-nine-north-korean-145822940.html

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NASA's WISE mission finds 'lost' asteroid family members

May 29, 2013 ? Data from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) have led to a new and improved family tree for asteroids in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter.

Astronomers used millions of infrared snapshots from the asteroid-hunting portion of the WISE all-sky survey, called NEOWISE, to identify 28 new asteroid families. The snapshots also helped place thousands of previously hidden and uncategorized asteroids into families for the first time. The findings are a critical step in understanding the origins of asteroid families, and the collisions thought to have created these rocky clans.

"NEOWISE has given us the data for a much more detailed look at the evolution of asteroids throughout the solar system," said Lindley Johnson, the program executive for the Near-Earth Object Observation Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "This will help us trace the NEOs back to their sources and understand how some of them have migrated to orbits hazardous to the Earth."

The main asteroid belt is a major source of near-Earth objects (NEOs), which are those asteroids and comets that come within 28 million miles (45 million kilometers) of Earth's path around the sun. Some near-Earth objects start out in stable orbits in the main asteroid belt, until a collision or gravitational disturbance flings them inward like flippers in a game of pinball.

The NEOWISE team looked at about 120,000 main belt asteroids out of the approximately 600,000 known. They found that about 38,000 of these objects, roughly one third of the observed population, could be assigned to 76 families, 28 of which are new. In addition, some asteroids thought to belong to a particular family were reclassified.

An asteroid family is formed when a collision breaks apart a large parent body into fragments of various sizes. Some collisions leave giant craters. For example, the asteroid Vesta's southern hemisphere was excavated by two large impacts. Other smash-ups are catastrophic, shattering an object into numerous fragments, as was the case with the Eos asteroid family. The cast-off pieces move together in packs, traveling on the same path around the sun, but over time the pieces become more and more spread out.

Previous knowledge of asteroid family lineages comes from observations of their orbits. NEOWISE also looked at the asteroids' reflectivity to identify family members.

Asteroids in the same family generally have similar mineral composition and reflect similar amounts of light. Some families consist of darker-colored, or duller, asteroids, while others are made up of lighter-colored, or shinier, rocks. It is difficult to distinguish between dark and light asteroids in visible light. A large, dull asteroid can appear the same as a small, shiny one. The dark asteroid reflects less light but has more total surface area, so it appears brighter.

NEOWISE could distinguish between the dark and light asteroids because it could detct infrared light, which reveals the heat of an object. The larger the object, the more heat it gives off. When the size of an asteroid can be measured, its true reflective properties can be determined, and a group of asteroids once thought to belong to a single family circling the sun in a similar orbit can be sorted into distinct families.

"We're separating zebras from the gazelles," said Joseph Masiero of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., who is lead author of a report on the new study that appears in the Astrophysical Journal. "Before, family members were harder to tell apart because they were traveling in nearby packs. But now we have a better idea of which asteroid belongs to which family."

The next step for the team is to learn more about the original parent bodies that spawned the families.

"It's as if you have shards from a broken vase, and you want to put it back together to find out what happened," said Amy Mainzer, the NEOWISE principal investigator at JPL. "Why did the asteroid belt form in the first place and fail to become a planet? We are piecing together our asteroids' history."

JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, managed and operated WISE for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. The spacecraft was put into hibernation mode in 2011, after completing its main objectives of scanning the entire sky twice.

More information about the mission is online at: http://www.nasa.gov/wise .

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130529214902.htm

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School database loses backers as parents balk over privacy

By Stephanie Simon

(Reuters) - A $100 million database set up to store extensive records on millions of public school students has stumbled badly since its launch this spring, with officials in several states backing away from the project amid protests from irate parents.

The database, funded mostly by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, is intended to track students from kindergarten through high school by storing myriad data points: test scores, learning disabilities, discipline records - even teacher assessments of a child's character. The idea is that consolidated records make it easier for teachers to use software that mines data to identify academic weaknesses. Games, videos or lesson plans would then be precisely targeted to engage specific children or promote specific skills.

The system is set up to identify millions of children by name, race, economic status and other metrics and is constructed in a way that makes it easy for school districts to share some or all of that information with private companies developing education software.

The nonprofit organization that runs the database, inBloom Inc, introduced the project in March with a presentation at an education technology conference, complete with a list of nine states that it said were committed partners.

Parents and civil liberties groups concerned about potential privacy breaches quickly began to sound the alarm and rallied opposition in social media.

In response to an outcry in his state, Louisiana Superintendent of Education John White withdrew student data from inBloom in April. He's planning to hold public hearings on data storage and security this summer but said in an interview that he is no longer sure there's a need for inBloom.

Kentucky, Georgia and Delaware - all initially listed as partners on the inBloom website - told Reuters that they never made a commitment and have no intention of participating. Georgia specifically asked for its name to be removed.

Officials in two other states on the list, Massachusetts and North Carolina, said they are still evaluating the project and may never upload student data.

"The single biggest issue is, Can we satisfy not only ourselves but everyone that the data is as secure stored there as it would be anywhere?" said Jeff Wulfson, deputy commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Education. "From our perspective, this is still in the research and development phase."

InBloom spokesman Adam Gaber said the initial list of partner states was "confusing" and has been corrected on the website. Massachusetts and North Carolina "were more committed originally" but are still considered partners because they are discussing possible participation, he said.

That leaves just New York, Illinois and Colorado as active participants.

Former West Virginia Governor Bob Wise, who sits on the inBloom board of directors, said he was confident the project was still viable and valuable.

School districts already store student data and often share it with private vendors hired for jobs such as tracking reading scores. InBloom simply consolidates in one secure, cloud-hosted database the reams of student information now scattered among an array of computer servers, teacher grade books and file cabinets, Wise said. The districts retain complete control over which data to store in inBloom and whether to let third-party vendors use it.

The Gates Foundation is also confident about inBloom's future, saying early adopters will provide a "blueprint for the future" and "assuage the concerns that have been raised."

InBloom is now free but will start charging participating states or school districts annual fees of $2 to $5 per student in 2015, bringing in millions of dollars that officials at the nonprofit say will cover expenses for developing and maintaining the database.

New York plans to upload data on nearly all its 2.6 million students statewide. Illinois is testing inBloom in two districts and plans to expand to 35 districts serving half a million students, officials said.

Colorado's test district, suburban Jefferson County, has commissioned software that draws on the database to create digital "dashboards" that let teachers identify at a glance precisely which students are having trouble with which skills. InBloom also centralizes all the computer apps teachers normally use with their students, so they no longer have to log in to different screens for each program.

When teachers got a sneak peek, "by far the most common question was, 'Could we get this in my classroom tomorrow?'" said Greg Mortimer, the chief information officer for the 85,000-student district. He added that the project should save the district money because software developers will be able to hook their programs cleanly into the inBloom infrastructure. The way things now stand, he said, the district has to spend heavily to integrate each app into the county's cumbersome and overlapping data systems.

Mortimer said he has no doubt privacy would be protected: "InBloom has the resources to secure this data better than any single school district in the country."

Despite such an endorsement, inBloom is continuing to lose momentum.

An early backer of inBloom, the Council of Chief State School Officers, is now big on only a second phase of the project, which involves creating an online library of lesson plans, quiz questions and other teaching resources.

The library, which won't require student data, is "the valuable part of this project," said Chris Minnich, executive director of the council, which represents state superintendents of education. On the database itself, Minnich noted that the council urges each state to analyze the costs and benefits of participating.

Some states had been interested in accessing inBloom's teaching resources without participating in the database, but ended up banding together to create their own online library. Bob Swiggum, the chief information officer for the Georgia Department of Education, said he's glad his state went that route. National opposition to the database has been so intense, he said, "I don't know how inBloom will survive."

Officials at inBloom say they have done a poor job articulating the need for the database and vow to do better. Yet they have not addressed all of the concerns raised by parents.

The nonprofit recently announced that it would no longer let school districts use student social security numbers to label individual files in the database. Instead, districts must assign each student a random numerical ID. But spokesman Adam Gaber refused to say whether social security numbers might be included elsewhere - not as a label but as a basic data point, along with ethnicity, address, parents' names and other personal information routinely collected by public schools.

That is unlikely to assuage Karen Sprowal, the mother of a 10-year-old in a New York City public school. She's terrified to think that records of her son's medical treatments will be stored on the cloud indefinitely, along with so many other intimate details, she said. "It feels like such a violation."

(Reporting by Stephanie Simon; Editing by Arlene Getz and Prudence Crowther)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/school-database-loses-backers-parents-balk-over-privacy-162614630.html

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Thursday, May 30, 2013

Wise.io Debuts Machine Learning Service That Offers To The Public What Google Builds For Itself

wise,iologoGoogle, LinkedIn and Amazon have thousands of engineers who point their work inward to build better recommendations, search and other Internet-scale features. Wise.io?is launching today to offer a similar form of machine learning that does the inverse by pointing its technology outward for people to use.

It?s not to say that Wise.io will necessarily compete against these companies. It?s just to point out the company?s machine learning as a service is something that can be used by anyone to solve problems that now takes hundreds or thousands of people to do.

It?s the kind of company a scientist studying the great beyond would start. Someone like Joshua Bloom, the founder of Wise.io and a former professor of astrophysics from the University of California at Berkeley who launched his company today at the?Alchemist?Accelerator?Demo Day. The company will now join the Citrix Startup Accelerator?program and receive seed funding as well an undisclosed investment from the Alchemist group.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/SigHVVt7nl0/

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io9 Greatest Wedding Photo In the History of the World | Kotaku Super Mario Bros. 3 Was Kind Of Diff

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Source: http://lauren.kinja.com/io9-greatest-wedding-photo-in-the-history-of-the-world-510476484

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97% Before Midnight

All Critics (61) | Top Critics (22) | Fresh (58) | Rotten (2)

The Before series has steadily gotten better as it goes along, which is more than any but the most optimistic among us dare to hope for from love.

Before Midnight is the fullest and richest and saddest of the three movies in the trilogy.

the actual give-and-take between the characters is uncomfortably emotionally accurate, which means it will make an excellent, if challenging, date movie for both new and old couples.

If I were only allowed to see one movie this year, I'd want it to be Before Midnight. If I were only allowed two trips to a theater this year, I'd see it twice.

It's a wildly uneven enterprise, overall.

If anything, the films have only gotten better by letting the relationship marinate. "Midnight's" more disgruntled edge reflects what creeps up on couples as years pass, regrets stack up, kids factor in, real life intervenes.

Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy come off as if they were conjoined for the past nine years in the gloriously-acted, hypnotically-conversational conclusion to the Before Sunrise trilogy -- the year's first legit contender for awards season love.

The last 40 minutes consisting of acute, sharp, and biting dialogue reminiscent of 'Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf' make sitting through the excruciating first hour worth it.

Brilliant, mature third chapter to heartfelt romantic saga.

Truth is beauty, and beauty truth, but they're not necessarily romantic nine years into a serious committed relationship with two kids in the backseat.

No matter how long the gap between movies has been or how completely the characters' lives have changed, when Jesse and Celine turn to each other and start one of their famously epic conversations, it feels like no time has passed at all.

A life-affirming, emotionally captivating and rewarding experience. It treats the audience like sophisticated, mature adults---a demographic that has been sorely neglected by Hollywood nowadays.

The combination of high-level performance and subtle construction, in a picture in which nothing blows up, is actually thrilling.

While not the most fun or sexiest film in this trilogy -- do you want to watch mom and dad fight for 30 minutes straight? -- it's easily the most necessary, and it's the logical extension of where this relationship story should and must go.

The actors have mastered these roles, and Linklater's observational style is so perfected that they could go on speaking for hours

You feel how much is at stake when they argue, how real the damage they inflict, and you can't shake it off. It's a spectacular movie.

Such is the power of the final scenes that the trio would be more than justified in launching a fourth film sometimes in the next five years or so.

Fireworks of authentic dialogue, emotion, and the madness of love reach a crescendo of palpable joie de vivre in "Before Midnight."

Source: http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/before_midnight_2013/

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NASA IRIS: Improving our view of the sun

May 29, 2013 ? In late June 2013, NASA will launch a new set of eyes to offer the most detailed look ever of the sun's lower atmosphere, called the interface region. This region is believed to play a crucial role in powering the sun's dynamic million-degree atmosphere, the corona. The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph or IRIS mission will provide the best resolution so far of the widest range of temperatures for of the interface region, an area that has historically been difficult to study.

"This region is crucial for understanding how the corona gets so hot," said Joe Davila, IRIS project scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. "For the first time, we will have the capability to observe it at fundamental physical scale sizes and see details that have previously been hidden."

IRIS's capabilities are uniquely tailored to unravel the interface region by providing both high-resolution images and a kind of data known as spectra.

For its high-resolution images, IRIS will capture data on about one percent of the sun at a time. While these are relatively small snapshots, IRIS will be able to see very fine features, as small as 150 miles across.

"We have some great space observatories currently looking at the sun," said Bart DePontieu, the IRIS science lead at Lockheed Martin in Palo Alto, Calif. "But when it comes to the interface region, we've never been able to resolve individual structures. We have been able only to see conglomerates of various structures. Now we will finally be able to observe the details."

IRIS's images will be three to four times as detailed as the images from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory -- though SDO can observe the whole sun at once. SDO's wavelengths are not tailored, however, to see the interface region. Scientists can use IRIS observations to hone in on smaller details while working with the larger instruments, such as SDO or the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Hinode, to capture images of the entire sun. Together, the observatories will explore how the corona works and impacts Earth -- SDO and Hinode monitoring the solar surface and outer atmosphere, with IRIS watching the region in between.

Ultraviolet images look at only one wavelength of light at a time, but IRIS will also provide spectra, a kind of data that can show information about many wavelengths of light at once. Spectrographs split the sun's light into its various wavelengths and measure how much of any given wavelength is present. This is then portrayed on a graph showing spectral "lines" -- taller lines correspond to wavelengths in which the sun emits relatively more radiation.

Each spectral line also corresponds to a given temperature, so this provides information about how much material of a particular temperature is present. The images from IRIS' telescope will record observations of material at specific temperatures, ranging from 5,000 kelvins to 65,000 kelvins (8,540 F to 116,540 F) -- and up to 10 million kelvins (about 18 million F) during solar flares -- a range best suited to observe material on the sun's surface and in the interface region.

"By looking at spectra of material in these temperature ranges, we can also diagnose velocity and perhaps density of the material, too," said De Pontieu.

The IRIS instrument will capture a new image every five to 10 seconds, and spectra about once every two seconds. These unique capabilities will be coupled with state-of-the-art 3-D numerical modeling sophisticated enough to deal with the complexity of this region. The modeling makes use of supercomputers at NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, Calif.

In combination, IRIS' resolution, fast imaging rate, wide temperature coverage and computer modeling will enable scientists for the first time to track solar material as it is accelerated and heated in the interface region and thus help pinpoint where and how the plasma gains energy and heat along its travels through the lower levels of the solar atmosphere.

IRIS was developed by Lockheed Martin as a NASA Small Explorer mission. The NASA Explorer Program is designed to provide frequent, low-cost access to space for heliophysics and astrophysics missions using small- to mid-sized spacecraft. Goddard manages the Explorer Program for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Major contributions for IRIS were provided by Lockheed Martin Sensing and Exploration Systems, NASA's Ames Research Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Montana State University, Stanford University, the Norwegian Space Centre and the University of Oslo.

For more information about NASA's IRIS mission, please visit: http://www.nasa.gov/iris

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/space_time/nasa/~3/3XoTPsMaMnI/130529130116.htm

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Wednesday, May 29, 2013

US, Russia discuss Syria, as EU nixes arms embargo

BRUSSELS (AP) ? The European Union has ended its arms embargo to Syria's outgunned rebels just as top U.S. and Russian diplomats try to persuade Syria's opposition and President Bashar Assad's regime to attend peace talks in Geneva.

The diplomatic moves, accompanied by an unannounced visit by Sen. John McCain to rebel forces in Syria, aim to put more pressure on Assad to seek a negotiated settlement to end Syria's 2-year-old civil war.

The prospect of EU nations being able to send weapons to the rebels while maintaining stiff economic sanctions against Assad's regime also sends a message to Russia. Moscow has unabashedly sent weapons to Assad's regime ? and EU arms deliveries could partially re-balance the firepower in the war.

Russia's deputy foreign minister, Sergei Ryabkov, lashed out at the move, saying it undermines the efforts of both Russia and the U.S to mediate peace talks.

He called the decision "a manifestation of double standards."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/us-russia-discuss-syria-eu-nixes-arms-embargo-090850130.html

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McCain Meets With Rebels in Syria (ABC News)

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Tuesday, May 28, 2013

The Story of Joe Brown, Buckeye Turned Soldier | Eleven Warriors

There are changes in attitudes and shifts in how athletes approach their sport with every generation. We?re presently immersed in the Me Generation with an endless fountain of prima donnas. From Chad Johnson to Floyd Mayweather to Tiger Woods, one doesn?t need to look for to find the anti-role model.

There?s long been a debate about the merits of athletes. Should they be considered viable heroes and idols for children? Charles Barkley said no, but plenty of others have differing opinions. It?s not to say sports figures are bad people; they often prove to be upstanding citizens. It?s tough to match them up against service members and first responders, though.

Already in the five months of 2013, tragedies have been a theme of the year. And with each dose of heartache, those charged with protecting us have risen to the occasion. It was never more apparent than in the streets of Boston when police officers ran toward bomb blasts with terror surrounding them.

Former Ohio State football player Joe Brown is the definition of selfless. From undrafted free agent to an NFL career, Brown knows what hard work is. In 2003, as he was set to enter his third season in the league, Brown, a defensive lineman, abruptly left the Seattle Seahawks to pursue another career ? defending the country.

The son of a brigadier general in the Air Force and grandson of a POW who died in Korea, Brown's bloodlines run thick with the armed forces. During his career at Ohio State, from 1996-2001, joining the ROTC was a goal, but then-head coach John Cooper nixed that idea.?

?I?m not going to question that at all,? said Brown, remembering the decision. ?I just kind of shelved it and moved on.?

But not totally. There was still a void. Then 9/11 happened.

?There were times I?d be at practice playing football in the NFL and I?d be sitting there thinking about joining the service and how I would do it,? Brown said. ?And I?d think, ?you?re crazy.??

However, a bout of Valley fever put in motion that very plan. When Brown came down with the fungal disease prior to training camp in 2003, he opted to join the Army as a special operations solider.

Just a year earlier, Pat Tillman abandoned an All-Pro career to join the elite group of special forces known as the Army Rangers. The Seahawks organization was supportive of Brown?s decision with head coach Mike Holmgren and defensive line coach Larry Brooks ? ?great guys? in Brown?s words ? offering unwavering encouragement. But his agent disagreed with the career choice and the two have never spoken since.

?A lot went into that decision,? said Brown, who received his wife's blessing. ?It was really just put on my heart. I felt as though the lord was leading me to go serve the country. We were in the Global War on Terrorism at the time and I was playing football. I thought I needed to put football on hold and go serve the country. If football is still available when I?m done, great. If it?s not, great. It was just a decision I couldn?t ignore.?

Brown had a successful first deployment to Iraq in 2005. It looked like the dream of returning to football would come true until another deployment in 2007 put a halt to those plans. A few months later, he was in southeast Baghdad calling in an airstrike when he fell 30 feet down a stairway shaft, shredding his calf and striking his head.

When Brown woke up in Germany, an intense reality hit him. Years later, he still gets goose bumps reciting the story. Severe bleeding in his brain left Brown unable to speak and ended his football and combat career all at once. Contributing to the troubles was having a wife back home that already gave birth to one child and was pregnant with another.

?Special ops soldiers, those aren?t soldiers, those are athletes that play the ultimate game. But it?s not a game, it?s life and death.?

?I had an incredible amount of anxiety,? he said. ?You go from combat to waking up in a hospital room. I couldn?t speak and I knew I couldn?t speak. The speech came quickly, but I had real fragmented speech. Being inundated with information and being told you?re going to be there for two years did not sit well with me. I had a family to take care of. Getting though your treatments and figuring out where you?re going next, there?s a lot to that.?

There were several moves until Brown finally settled in at Brooke Army Medical Hospital in San Antonio, where he spent nearly a year rehabbing. Brown believes he had an advantage over most soldiers because of his past as an athlete. Being an elite solider only gave him more time to learn his body and its limits.

An awareness of the strengths and weaknesses allowed Brown to return to civilian life quicker than expected. A scar from the night vision goggles that were smashed into his face and occasional headaches are reminders of what occurred half a world away. Brown is thankful, though, that he was able to pick up the pieces and return to a life with a wife and two kids.

?Every soldier that?s injured probably can speak differently to it,? he said of the rehab process. ?Special ops soldiers, those aren?t soldiers, those are athletes that play the ultimate game. But it?s not a game, it?s life and death.

?We have to figure out a plan and work toward that every day. Every solider goes through a period where they sit there and suck their thumb, but you have to get past that. You owe it to the veterans and the solders that didn?t make it back and have an opportunity to rehab and to get back with their wives and their kids. Everything that I had power over, I did the best possible job I could do.?

No soldier enlists with thoughts of being injured in combat on their mind. Regardless, Brown has zero regrets. Had he not fulfilled that chapter he believes there would be a sense of what if. The entire experience, both good and bad, shaped his life for the better.

?Joining the Army was an absolute blessing on my life,? Brown said. ?There were some unbelievably tough moments, tough times, tough periods that defined me as a man, as a father and as a husband that are unshakeable. It was just a fantastic experience. To say it was easy would be an injustice.?

The next thing that molded Brown was his return to everyday normal life. It started in Jonesboro, Ark., at Arkansas State University. Being injured closed several doors while opening others at the same time. Brown enrolled in graduate school and began coaching college football.

The former Buckeye had an affinity for the sport and became a natural. He fell in love with a new aspect of football ? giving back. But the demands of the profession didn?t mesh with what he envisioned for his post-military life. Brown had just spent years away from his family and now he had to spend all his time at a football facility.

Joe Brown at Arkansas State

Brown (far left) receives a scholarship for wounded and disabled veterans at Arkansas State in 2009.

?It was an absolute dream,? Brown said. ?I loved it. Giving back to those kids every day, it was great. But at the same time, I had two young kids and a wife and I really enjoy them, and we just felt like coaching wasn?t compatible.?

When Brown looked elsewhere he discovered parks and recreation through a friend. Nearly five years later, he?s still knee deep in the profession. Selflessly serving communities has been a goal of Brown?s since his return from Iraq and he accomplishes that every day when he goes to work.?

In Texas, the passion for parks and recreation led Brown to developing programs for wounded veterans and people with disabilities. He established an adaptive sports program for those residing in the Fort Hood area that grew to 250 participants.

Wheelchair basketball, hand cycling and sitting volleyball are all part of the docket. Chasing down a quarterback used to be what brought a smile to Brown?s face, then keeping his fellow soldiers safe on the battlefield became his purpose. Now Brown is just trying to better the lives of those who receive the least attention and resources.

?When I look at parks and recreation, I look at building community,? he said. ?We tend to make programs for kids, adults and our seniors. But what about people in our communities with physical, visual or intellectual disabilities? What do those people do? And that?s where this whole vision and passion came from. We need to make sure our veterans and people that are disabled have an opportunity to participate in sport and recreational activities.

?Sport is so powerful. People just want the opportunity to be able to participate. That is something that we need to take very serious in our communities and understand that through building those programs and leagues that we are building community spirit.?

Brown harkens back to the halcyon days of his youth in Tucson, Ariz., when life lessons were learned in little league baseball. There was no traveling around the state year round or parents interfering in the lives of their kids. Having fun was a staple of yesteryear whereas today it?s building the next great athlete.

Brown has brought his philosophy with him to Reynoldsburg. He?s in charge of the growing the Columbus suburb?s parks and recreations program and brought along the same passion and excitement that sparked Central Texas in such a positive manner. Parents have also taken a liking to his initiative.?

?Lovie Smith came up and asked, ?Is Ohio State recruiting you?? I said no, and he said, ?We are now.??This part of the state is familiar to Brown, having been born here and then spending his formative college years in Columbus at Ohio State. He may have grown up in Arizona, but the Buckeyes were never far from Brown?s mind. His parents graduated from the university, beginning a love affair with the football program that exists to this day.

Not many kids in Arizona dream of attending Ohio State, but Brown did so every day in his driveway and front yard. Games of basketball and football came with the fantasy of playing for the Buckeyes. That make-believe life began coming into focus when the 6-foot-6 brute started receiving recruiting letters. A trip to Ohio State?s football camp changed everything.

?Lovie Smith came up and asked, ?Is Ohio State recruiting you?? I said no, and he said, ?We are now.?

?It was outstanding. To play for Ohio State, there is no better place in college football. I definitely showed up as a kid and had a lot of growing to do when I left. It was an outstanding experience for me across for the board.?

He looks back with a different perspective, knowing that those abroad in harms way allow us to live the life we covet. Trips to the supermarket and restaurant don?t come with worries about roadside bombs and suicide attacks. Ohio Stadium sits full on football Saturdays with sounds of joy, optimism and euphoria.

Brown knows whom to thank for his peaceful life on this side of the world. Memorial Day is a special time for the third-generation soldier, but he cautions that it?s not celebratory. Too many men and women have been lost.

Said Brown: ?I think about all the relationships and buddies that I met and served with. I think about the guys that lost a limb and didn?t get to play wheelchair basketball. I think about the guys that didn?t make it home. I think long and hard about those individuals that fought the fight for the best team in the world, America, and didn?t get to come home. It?s a weekend of being thankful that I get to be a husband and get to be a dad.?

Source: http://www.elevenwarriors.com/2013/05/22351/ohio-state-buckeyes-football-joe-brown-soldier

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Tribe Baseball Makes History with NCAA At-Large Selection

WYDaily.com is your source for free news and information in Williamsburg, James City & York Counties.

The William and Mary baseball team earned an at-large selection to the 2013 NCAA Tournament on Monday afternoon, and will face the University of Mississippi in its first game in the North Carolina State Regional.

Friday?s contest marks the third NCAA Tournament appearance in program history, and the first at-large bid ever. Both the 1983 (ECAC South) and 2001 (CAA) teams won automatic bids. The regional field is rounded out by the host Wolfpack and Binghamton.

?Obviously, we are really excited to have the chance to continue our season,? said first-year head coach Jamie Pinzino. ?I am extremely proud of every player in our program. They deserve this moment as they have bought into the program since day one. This is a great step for William and Mary baseball and hopefully a sign of things to come in Williamsburg for years to come.?

So far in 2013, the Green and Gold has posted a record of 37-22 and tied the program record for victories in a season that was originally set back in 2004. The Tribe?s 17-10 league mark earned them the No. 2 seed in last weekend?s CAA tournament, and was the most conference wins ever in school history. W&M won two games in the conference playoffs, one a 20-19 thriller over James Madison as well as a well-fought 12-4 victory over Northeastern. The Tribe advanced to the CAA Championship game, where they fell to Towson, 5-2.

The Tribe will open play in the 2013 NCAA Tournament against Mississippi at 2 p.m. Friday, May 31, at Dail Park in Raleigh, N.C. Click here for ticket information. Fans unable to make the trip can view the action online at ESPN3.com, and listen to the game live on TribeAthletics.com as they have all season long.

N.C. State Regional ? Raleigh, N.C.
#1 North Carolina State (44-14)
#2 Ole Miss (37-22)
#3 William and Mary (37-22)
#4 Binghamton (30-23)

Game 1: Friday, May 31
#2 Ole Miss vs. William and Mary, 2 p.m. (ESPN 3)

Game 2: Friday, May 31
#1 N.C. State vs. #4 Binghamton, 7 p.m. (ESPN 3)

Game 3: Saturday, June 1
Loser Game 1 vs. Loser Game 2, 2 p.m. (ESPN 3)

Game 4: Saturday, June 1
Winner Game 1 vs. Winner Game 2, 7 p.m. (ESPN 3)

Game 5: Sunday, June 2
Winner Game 3 vs. Loser Game 4, 1 p.m. (ESPN 3)

Game 6: Sunday, June 2
Winner Game 4 vs. Winner Game 5, 6 p.m. (ESPN 3)

Game 7 (if necessary): Monday, June 3
Winner Game 6 vs. Loser Game 6, 7 p.m. (ESPN 3)

Source: http://wydaily.com/2013/05/28/tribe-baseball-makes-history-with-ncaa-at-large-selection/

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Stem cell injections improve spinal injuries in rats

May 27, 2013 ? An international team led by researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine reports that a single injection of human neural stem cells produced neuronal regeneration and improvement of function and mobility in rats impaired by an acute spinal cord injury (SCI).

The findings are published in the May 28, 2013 online issue of Stem Cell Research & Therapy.

Martin Marsala, MD, professor in the Department of Anesthesiology, with colleagues at UC San Diego and in Slovakia, the Czech Republic and The Netherlands, said grafting neural stem cells derived from a human fetal spinal cord to the rats' spinal injury site produced an array of therapeutic benefits -- from less muscle spasticity to new connections between the injected stem cells and surviving host neurons.

"The primary benefits were improvement in the positioning and control of paws during walking tests and suppression of muscle spasticity," said Marsala, a specialist in spinal cord trauma and spinal injury-related disorders. Spasticity -- exaggerated muscle tone or uncontrolled spasms -- is a serious and common complication of traumatic injury to the spinal cord.

The human stem cells, said the scientists, appeared to vigorously take root at the injury site.

"In all cell-grafted animals, there was robust engraftment, and neuronal maturation of grafted human neurons was noted," Marsala said. "Importantly, cysts or cavities that can form in or around spinal injuries were not present in any cell-treated animal. The injury-caused cavity was completely filled by grafted cells."

The rats received the pure stem cell grafts three days after injury (no other supporting materials were used) and were given drugs to suppress an immune response to the foreign stem cells. Marsala said grafting at any time after the injury appears likely to work in terms of blocking the formation of spinal injury cavities, but that more work would be required to determine how timing affects functional neurological benefit.

The grafted stem cells, according to Marsala, appear to be doing two things: stimulating host neuron regeneration and partially replacing the function of lost neurons.

"Grafted spinal stem cells are rich source of different growth factors which can have a neuroprotective effect and can promote sprouting of nerve fibers of the host neurons. We have also demonstrated that grafted neurons can develop contacts with the host neurons and, to some extent, restore the connectivity between centers, above and below the injury, which are involved in motor and sensory processing."

The scientists used a line of human embryonic stem cells recently approved for Phase 1 human trials in patients with chronic traumatic spinal injuries. Marsala said the ultimate goal is to develop neural precursor cells (capable of becoming any of the three main cell types in the nervous system) from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients, which would likely eliminate the need for immunosuppression treatment.

Pending approval by UC San Diego's Institutional Review Board, the next step is a small phase 1 trial to test safety and efficacy with patients who have suffered a thoracic spinal cord injury (between vertebrae T2-T12) one to two years earlier, and who have no motor or sensory function at or below the spinal injury site.

"This is exciting, especially because, historically, there has been very little to offer patients with acute spinal cord injury," said study co-author Joseph Ciacci, MD, professor of surgery and program director of the Neurosurgery Residency at the UC San Diego School of Medicine. Ciacci, who is also chief of neurosurgery for the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, will oversee the clinical trial at UC San Diego and the VA.

Ciacci said if the initial study confirms safety and efficacy, as well as the viability of the implanted cells, neural regeneration and decreased spasticity, the protocol can be expanded to other patients with other forms of severe spinal cord injury.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/MQqq4t5my3E/130527231843.htm

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Watch the Curiosity rover explore Mars in one minute (video)

EDIT Curiosity time lapse

It hasn't even been a year from the time NASA's Curiosity rover landed on Mars, yet it already boasts a number of accomplishments. All the while, Opportunity's successor has been sending images back to Earth documenting its numerous great deeds, and a fan of the rover's work has compiled many of the them into the video you see above. So, now you can get a glimpse of Curiosity capturing awe-inspiring shots of Mount Sharp, unearthing evidence of liquid water, determining the alien soil's chemical composition, and discovering conditions that could've allowed microbes to thrive on the red planet all in the span of a minute. Hit play to check out what Curiosity's been up to from its first through its 281st Sol -- or Martian day -- as well as to see the extraterrestrial lands our grandchildren might occupy in the future.

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Source: YouTube

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/LHYPRxvkb3A/

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Monday, May 27, 2013

Computers See Faces in the Clouds, Just Like You

Computers See Faces in the Clouds, Just Like You

Humans are all about pattern recognition: we want?and maybe need??to believe that there?s order and meaning behind everything we see and do in life. The future is divined in teacups, superstitions are put on random objects, and?of course?we see ourselves in everything around us. Like the sky.

Shinseungback Kimyonghun, a Seoul-based tech art collective, focus largely on computer vision, so most of their work take the form of script, with results that often verge on poetic. Their latest project, Cloud Face, uses facial recognition to capture wisps and puffs of vapor that?for a brief instant?converge to form the likeness of a human face.

Speaking over email today, the artists explained that the idea came about after they attempted to capture real human faces using a webcam strung to the end of fishing rod, hanging out a window. It returned a fair number of human visages?but it also picked up trees, grass, and random inanimate objects that the software recognized as human-enough. ?I looked up in the sky and thought ?What if I use this error and have it find faces in clouds??,? Kim Yong Hun remembers. ?The discovery of the error led me to explore computer?s vision itself.?

So the duo set out to build a system that would capture cloud faces automatically. They built a custom script using Processing and the OpenCV facial detection library, and set up a DSLR pointed at the sky, which transmitted images to a computer where the program was running. Then, they sat back and let the magic happen:

As soon as I opened my eyes in the morning I would check out the sky if it had a 'proper' pattern for face detection... The faces used in the 'Cloud Face' composition were selected by us manually. That means the faces are agreed upon as face by the computer vision and our vision.

They ended up capturing over 150,000 images of the sky?in which their script detected 1,000 faces. Which isn?t a bad ratio, considering the odds?

Cloud Faces builds on research being done by scientists who are interested in why?and how?our brains are so good at seeing faces in things like clouds, toast, and rotting wood. A 2007 article in The New York Times spoke to several scientists working on facial recognition, at least one of whom argued that it represents a crucial piece of human evolution:

Dr. Sinha of M.I.T. says that whether the hair-trigger response to faces is innate or learned, it represents a critical evolutionary adaptation, one that dwarfs side effects like seeing Beelzebub in a crumpled tissue. ?The information faces convey is so rich ? not just regarding another person?s identity, but also their mental state, health and other factors,? he said. ?It?s extremely beneficial for the brain to become good at the task of face recognition and not to be very strict in its inclusion criteria. The cost of missing a face is higher than the cost of declaring a nonface to be a face.?

So before you tell Shinseungback Kimyonghun to get their heads out of the clouds, consider this: they're just forwarding the project of human evolution?albeit with the help of a piece of script.

Computers See Faces in the Clouds, Just Like You

Computers See Faces in the Clouds, Just Like You

Computers See Faces in the Clouds, Just Like You

Computers See Faces in the Clouds, Just Like You

Computers See Faces in the Clouds, Just Like You

Source: http://gizmodo.com/computers-see-faces-in-the-clouds-just-like-you-509756143

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Please come if you like to roleplay.

Image

There's a battle going on. A battle of life and death. Is it a war? I guess you could say that but it's more that just a war. It's a way of life. You ever heard of Fighting sports. Well this is similar. You get money if you win, and if you loose you have to pray the price. You soul has some level of value to it. It's about 5 losses. When you begin the first fight you start off with 5 soul points. If you win, depending on hoe much you gamble, you get the amount the other person put on the table. Not only that but there is a pay bonus for bigger sacrifices. What happens if you run out of soul points? Well if you run out your opponent can kill you or use you to be his personal servant. He will have control of your soul. Luckily, I like you guys so I'll give you 20 soul points to start off with instead of 5. Who am I? I'm just the leader of this group of hunters ran by the power that gave you a right to participate in this game. You need money? Like hurting people? Want to die? Want to have power? I don't care what your reasons are, but know this. Once you enter the Game you cannot run. You must participate. If you don't, we'll find you and kill you.

How do I put this? This is not a normal street fight. This is a fight of souls. Whatever type of soul you have that's the type of form you will take. The type of powers you will take. If you take the injection to release your soul, then you will become a fighter even if you have a week soul. It is possible to get your soul stronger though. Don't ask me how though. Everyone has different quarks. If you drop out of a fight you loose half your soul points so be careful. Be wary of me too. I have to participate. I might be stronger than you but I hope not. I hate fighting weaklings. I hate killing them too so don't run. Also those who use their powers on normal people, will loose their soul. No questions asked.

Who are you? Not that I care but most people in this game are rich middle class or poor.
Rich people can go to school at a rich place. Or work their crappy rich jobs. Maybe their retired. Maybe they want more money.
Middle class. They could be in school, or work a crappy job. Or a good one. But their not rich so it's up to them whether they like it or not they like their job. They could be fighting for their family too. Might need the extra money.

Lower class. That's what I use to be. I don't know about you, but being hungry all the time. Wearing my cousins clothes. Wondering how many times my dad'll get fired. There's allot in my past but I take a liking to you because you sort of remind me of myself.

Now, let me get into details about souls and fighting with them. Your soul can look like anything, It is the person or thing inside you that best shows itself to you. If you want to know about powers you have to figure that out on your own.
Last thing is, I'm currently hiring more for my team. It's just me a 2 other guys. If you want to join. Prove your worth on the battle ground. The is all I guess. See you in the Introduction meeting.

Ps. The tag says school but thats only for characters that go to school. Your character doesn't have to go to school because most of the story takes place at night. Thanks for reading. Hope you join.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/RolePlayGateway/~3/Dec24uPXkf0/viewtopic.php

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NYPD investigating actress Bynes allegations

NEW YORK (AP) ? Internal Affairs officers on Saturday were looking into allegations made by actress Amanda Bynes that New York Police Department officers sexually assaulted her when she was charged with heaving a marijuana bong out the window of her 36th-floor Manhattan apartment.

The 27-year-old former child star first alleged during her arraignment on Friday that police illegally entered her apartment after being called to her midtown building. But in a Twitter message believed to be from the troubled actress posted Saturday, Bynes alleged that her arresting officer also sexually assaulted her.

"As it would with any such allegation, regardless of its credibility, IAB is investigating it," said the NYPD's chief spokesman, Paul Browne, referring to the internal affairs bureau.

The Twitter handle used to make the sexual assault allegations Saturday does not appear to be verified by the social network? but Bynes' friend, former Hollywood publicist Jonathan Jaxson, said Saturday the tweet was made from Bynes' account. Twitter did not immediately return a request for comment.

In court on Friday, the former "Hairspray" star made no mention of the sexual assault allegations, though she did complain of illegal entry to her apartment. She's been charged with reckless endangerment, attempted tampering with evidence and unlawful possession of marijuana.

A law enforcement official who spoke to the Associated Press on the condition of anonymity because of an ongoing investigation said the building manager was with officers at Bynes' apartment when they arrived Thursday night. The official said officers were kept waiting approximately five minutes before she opened the door to them. The same official said the building manager told internal affair investigators nothing untoward happened.

Bynes was released by Chief New York County Judge Neil Ross on her own recognizance because, Ross said, he did not believe her to be a flight risk. But in releasing her, Ross also issued a stern warning to Bynes, telling her not to get rearrested or miss any court dates. She's due back in court on July 9.

Attempts to reach Bynes' arraignment lawyer were unsuccessful Saturday evening.

Bynes rose to fame starring in Nickelodeon's "All That" and has also starred in several films, including 2010's "Easy A." But she has been in the news more recently because of several scrapes with the law and bizarre public behavior.

Bynes was arrested Thursday night after building officials called police to complain she was rolling a joint and smoking pot in the lobby. The officers went to her apartment where they saw heavy smoke and a bong sitting on the kitchen counter. They said she tossed the bong out the window in front of them, prosecutors said Friday.

__

Associated Press writer Colleen Long contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/nypd-investigating-actress-bynes-allegations-235059915.html

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Sunday, May 26, 2013

Syria opposition unity talks face specter of collapse

By Khaled Yacoub Oweis

ISTANBUL - Syrian opposition talks aimed at presenting a coherent front at an international peace conference to end the civil war faced the prospect of collapse after President Bashar al-Assad's foes failed to cut an internal deal, opposition sources said on Friday.

The failure of the Syrian National Coalition to alter its Islamist-dominated membership as demanded by its international backers and replace a leadership undermined by power struggles is playing into the hands of Assad, whose forces are attacking a key town as his ally Russia said he would send representatives to the conference, coalition insiders said.

After two days of meetings in Istanbul, senior coalition players were in discussions late into the night after veteran liberal opposition figure Michel Kilo rejected a deal by Syrian businessman Mustafa al-Sabbagh, who is the coalition's secretary-general, to admit some members of Kilo's bloc to the coalition, the sources said.

Kilo has said that his group wants significant representation in the opposition coalition before it will join.

"There is a last-minute attempt to revive a kitchen-room deal. The coalition risks undermining itself to the point that its backers may have to look quickly for an alternative with enough credibility on the ground to go to Geneva," a senior opposition source at the talks said.

While the opposition remained wracked by differences, a major assault by Assad's forces and their Lebanese Hezbollah allies on a Sunni town held by rebels near the border with Lebanon over the past week was shaping into a pivotal battle.

The intervention of Shi'ite Hezbollah is justifying fears that a war that has killed 80,000 people would cross borders at the heart of the Middle East.

"It is ironic that Lebanon's civil strife is playing itself out in Syria. The opposition remains without coherence and the regime is intent on taking back anything it promises with violence," said one diplomat.

The diplomat was referring to a deepening sectarian divide between Shi'ites and Sunni Muslims in Lebanon, where Syrian troops were present for 29 years, including for most of the civil war that ended in 1990.

Assad belongs to Syria's minority Alawite sect, an offshoot of Shi'ism that has controlled Syria since the 1960s.

He has vowed to defeat what he calls terrorists and foreign agents behind the uprising, which began with months of peaceful protests and evolved into an armed revolt after months of military repression.

Washington and Moscow have been compelled to revive diplomacy by developments in recent months, which include the rise of al Qaeda-linked fighters among rebels and reports of atrocities and accusations that chemical weapons are being used.

The United States, which suspects Assad's forces of using the banned weapons, is also concerned they could eventually fall into the hands of jihadists now fighting Assad.

U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov will meet privately in Paris on Monday to discuss their efforts to bring Syria's warring parties together, U.S. and Russian officials said.

Russia said the Syrian government had agreed in principle to attend the planned peace conference, which could take part in Geneva in the coming weeks.

Senior opposition figures said the coalition was likely to attend the conference, but doubted it would produce any immediate deal for Assad to leave power - their central demand.

"We are faced with a situation where everyone thinks there will be a marriage when the bride is refusing. The regime has to show a minimum of will that it is ready to stop the bloodshed," said Haitham al-Maleh, an elder statesman of the coalition.

There was more heavy fighting on Friday in Qusair, a town controlling access to the coast that Assad's forces and Hezbollah allies have tried to take in a battle that could prove an important test of Assad's ability to withstand the revolt.

Assad wants to secure the coastal region, which is the homeland of his Alawite minority sect. He is backed by Shi'ite Iran and Hezbollah against mainly Sunni rebels supported by Saudi Arabia and Qatar.

COALITION STRUGGLES TO AGREE

Much to the frustration of its backers, the coalition has struggled to agree on a leader since the resignation in March of respected cleric Moaz Alkhatib, who had floated two initiatives for Assad to leave power peacefully.

Alkhatib's latest proposal - a 16-point plan that sees Assad handing power to his deputy or prime minister and then going abroad with 500 members of his entourage - won little support in Istanbul, highlighting the obstacles to wider negotiations.

"He has the right to submit papers to the meeting like any other member, but his paper is heading directly to the dustbin of history. It is a repeat of his previous initiative, which went nowhere," a senior coalition official said.

Washington threatened on Wednesday to increase support for the rebels if Assad refused to discuss a political end to the violence, a sentiment echoed on Friday by British Foreign Secretary William Hague, who has been pressing the European Union to amend a weapons embargo to allow arming the rebels.

Concerned by the rising influence of Islamists in the rebel ranks, Washington has pressured the opposition coalition to resolve its divisions and to expand to include more liberals.

"The international community is walking a little faster than the opposition. It wants to see a complete list of participants from the Syrian side for Geneva and this means that the coalition has to sort its affairs," a European diplomat said.

(Additional reporting by Oliver Holmes in Beirut, Thomas Grove and Alissa de Carbonnel in Moscow, Arshad Mohammed in Amman, Crispian Balmer in Jerusalem; Editing by Nick Tattersall, Peter Graff and Peter Cooney)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/syria-opposition-unity-face-specter-collapse-021041916.html

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Protein preps cells to survive stress of cancer growth and chemotherapy

Friday, May 24, 2013

Scientists have uncovered a survival mechanism that occurs in breast cells that have just turned premalignant-cells on the cusp between normalcy and cancers-which may lead to new methods of stopping tumors.

In their Molecular Cell study, the Salk Institute researchers report that a protein known as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), considered a tumor suppressor in early cancer development, can actually promote cancer once a cell drifts into a pre-cancerous state.

The discovery-a surprise to the investigators-raises the tantalizing possibility that, with novel treatment, some cancers might be prevented before they even develop.

"Our work suggests it might be possible to halt cancer development in premalignant cells-those that are just a few divisions away from being normal," says the study's lead author, Fernando Lopez-Diaz, a researcher in the Regulatory Biology Laboratory at Salk.

Agents designed to inhibit TGF-? are already being tested against cancers that have already spread, says Beverly M. Emerson, a Salk professor, head of the lab and the study's senior author. "This study offers both significant insights into early cancer development and a new direction to explore in cancer treatment," she says. "It would be fantastic if a single agent could shut down both advanced cancer and cancer that is primed to develop."

Oncologists might also be able to use their discovery to predict whether premalignant cells in a patient are destined to become full-fledged cancer, Emerson adds. "Not all premalignant cells morph into cancer," she says. "Many self-destruct due to cellular protective mechanisms. But some will become tumors and, at this point, there is no way to predict which of these cells are a risk."

The two faces of TGF-?

TGF-? molecules are secreted proteins found in most human tissues. They play a number of different biological roles, including controlling cell proliferation and inflammation and assisting in wound healing.

The prevailing dogma in cancer research is that TGF-? signaling keep cells from morphing into cancer, says Lopez-Diaz. Scientists also recognized that cancer cells that "want" to spread learn how to use TGF-? wound-healing function to break from a tumor, he says.

Another protein, P53 is a known tumor suppressor. During the stress response that occurs as a cell becomes cancerous, and in response to chemotherapy, p53 attempts to repair DNA damage that has occurred, and, if not successful, p53 orders the cell to die. "The p53 pathway must be sabotaged for cells to become cancerous," Lopez-Diaz says. "This happens when its gene becomes mutated, if the p53 protein is exaggeratedly degraded or, less appreciated, if p53 biosynthesis is impeded."

The researchers conducted this study to learn exactly how p53 and TGF-? interact in cancer development. "For the past decade, everyone has believed that these two pathways work together in normal and premalignant cells to stop cancer, even though there was not much data to support this assumption," he says.

The team examined premalignant as well as cancer cells from breast and lung tumors and matched normal and premalignant breast cells from healthy women provided by scientists at the University of California San Francisco.

But no matter how many different ways they did their experiments, the Salk researchers found that TGF-? can interfere with cells' damage responses in premalignant or cancer cells.

In fact, they found that TGF-? halts both the transcription of the p53 gene-the process by which cellular machinery reads the DNA code for a gene-and the subsequent process by which the corresponding p53 protein is produced, known as translation.

This could explain why, in about half of the breast tumors, including premalignant lesions, that the team studied at both UC San Francisco and at Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, when TGF-?1 signaling was highly activated, the levels of p53 were reduced, and vice versa-if the TGF-?1 pathway was reduced, there were high levels of p53. " A similar trend was seen with PUMA, a protein which induces cell death," Fernando Lopez-Diaz adds. "There was rather abundant PUMA protein when little TGF-?1 activation existed and vice versa."

"The bad face of TGF-? emerged within just a few cell divisions away from normality, allowing cells to avoid death," he says.

Filling in the cancer puzzle

This newfound immortality explains many oncologic mysteries, Lopez-Diaz says. "One is that it sheds light on how premalignant and early cancer cells are able to withstand the assault of chemotherapy and other treatments," he says.

It may explain why 77 percent of breast cancers have a normal p53 gene, and it further suggests a way that cancer cells can use both to metastasize and survive the journey to organs where they set up a new home.

"Because it helps cells avoid death, TGF-? can reduce the negative impact that the metastatic process has in the cancer cells," Lopez-Diaz says.

He adds that there is much work yet to do. "We want to understand the signals that turn TGF-? into a bad guy," he says. "If we know that, we might be able to inhibit those signals, and force damaged cells to die, as they should. That may offer us another treatment possibility, along with TGF-? inhibitors now being tested."

###

Salk Institute: http://www.salk.edu

Thanks to Salk Institute for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/128387/Protein_preps_cells_to_survive_stress_of_cancer_growth_and_chemotherapy

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Mailbox, Forecast.io, and More

The long weekend is finally here. And what's better than spending a holiday enjoying the warm weather with family and friends? Well, how about having a few iPad apps that help you stay connected and ready for whatever Mother Gaia has to throw at you?just in case. Lucky for you, we've got them right here.


Mailbox: Mailbox, the app that was supposed to revolutionize email so long as you were willing to stand in a 250,000+ wait list, has just released its first iPad-optimized version. And the best part? No virtual waiting in line required.


Bamboo Loop: Wacom may be best known for their styluses and tablets, but there's also a more whimsical side to the company that comes with their Bamboo line of apps. And the newest release, Bamboo Loop, carries on that tradition with a delightfully creative photo sharing app. [Free]


Forecast.io: While not technically an app in the traditional sense, Forecast.io is a website that's been optimized for mobile use, so it's just as accessible on your desktop as it is on your iPad (or any of your other devices, for that matter). The "app" is beautifully designed and gives you all the information you want as soon as you open it?projected forecast, current weather, rain conditions, and a handy animation. All you need to do is link to it from your homescreen, and you're ready to go. [Free]

Source: http://gizmodo.com/mailbox-forecast-io-and-more-509751497

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